# GLONASS-K 3D model

> Shape built from published dimensions and pictures; details simplified.

Free 3D model of GLONASS-K, a satellite, built from published dimensions by Space Radar. 4,950 triangles, 32 kB glTF, MIT.

- **Class:** Satellites
- **Mission:** Navigation
- **Triangles:** 4,950
- **File:** glonass-k.glb, 32 kB, glTF 2.0 binary (meshopt)
- **Look:** Flat colours
- **Size:** 9.2 m across
- **Made:** Built from dimensions
- **Added:** 2026-10-15
- **Download:** https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sara-Managed-Projects/space-radar/main/site/models/glonass-k.glb
- **Mirror:** https://git.sara-agent.org/sara-projects/space-radar/raw/branch/main/site/models/glonass-k.glb
- **Viewer:** https://www.spaceradar.ai/model/?id=glonass-k
- **Licence:** MIT (https://github.com/Sara-Managed-Projects/space-radar/blob/main/LICENSE)
- **Credit:** GLONASS-K 3D model by Space Radar (spaceradar.ai), MIT License

Canonical: https://models.spaceradar.ai/glonass-k/

## How it was made

Built in code from published dimensions and photographs, with no image-to-3D generator and no one else’s mesh. 3D model: built by Space Radar from published dimensions (the maker's drawings, via the GLONASS information centre; no free picture of the craft).

built by this project in code (the private tool model-from-images: assemble.py, from a yaml of primitives), from the cited dimensions and the pictures under `references`; no image-to-3D model was used, and no published mesh (NASA's 3D Resources has none of this craft; the survey of 2026-10-13 found no agency model of it under usable terms); no Roscosmos or ISS Reshetnev picture or model was used; the maker's dimensioned drawings, sent to the IGS by the GLONASS information centre, were READ for their numbers and are NOT reproduced

## Dimensions

- Length: 2.66 m
- Width: 1.6 m
- Depth: 0.795 m
- Earth end: 2.18 m
- Panel: 1.6 m
- Panel width: 2.65 m
- Yoke: 0.905 m
- Solar area: 16.96 m²
- Span: 9.2 m

Source: V. Mitrikas (GLONASS information centre), 'G-K mass, dimension and orientation', a letter to the IGS analysis centres of 2011-08-24, http://acc.igs.org/glonass/GLONASS-K_mitrikas_24aug11.txt, OPENED 2026-10-14: 'please find hereafter the official information on G-K dimensions and orientation. The original letter was prepared by JSC Information satellite systems Reshetnev Company (formerly NPO PM).'; 'SV GLONASS-K permanently supports 3-axis orientation. The origin of the body-fixed RF coincides with the S/V center of mass. OX axis is pointed by SV radius vector from the Earth center. OY axis lies in Sun-SV-Earth plane and is pointed opposite to the Sun direction. OZ axis forms right-handed RF. Solar panels keep up the Sun direction.'; 'L1 : (-1561 mm, 6 mm, 0), L2 : (-1431 mm, 6 mm, 0), L3 : (-1798.5 mm, 626 mm, -570 mm).'; 'SLR : (-1471 mm, 0, 0)'; 'The S/V mass is 935 kg. Total dimension of solar panels is 16.96 m^2.'; 'Few simple figures of the S/V dimensions are attached to this message. Comments: Fig. 1 - 3 - S/V body, Fig.4 - Solar panels.' ITS FIGURES, http://acc.igs.org/glonass/Fig1.jpg to Fig4.jpg, OPENED AND READ 2026-10-14, NOT REPRODUCED: Fig. 1 (X-Z) the body '2660' long, the centre of mass '1346' from the far end, the panel of retroreflectors 'Ø633' and '158' deep on the Earth end, engine blocks; Fig. 2 (X-Y) '1600' across, '800' to the axis, the Earth end flaring wider; Fig. 3 (the Earth end) '2180' by '795', the retroreflector ring with a square in it; Fig. 4 (Y-Z) the wing's yoke '905', two panels '1600' each, '2650' wide, '4205' from the body. Duan et al., 'Improving solar radiation pressure modeling for GLONASS satellites', Journal of Geodesy 94:72 (2020), https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00190-020-01400-9 (CC BY 4.0), OPENED 2026-10-14, Table 6: '+z 1.730', '+x 2.210', 'sp 16.960' (m2; the same panels). eoPortal, https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/glonass, OPENED 2026-10-14: 'GLONASS-K was the first GLONASS generation to use an unpressurised bus, with a mass of approximately 935 kg'. OURS: the flare's length, the antenna square's and the horn's sizes, the thruster blocks' sizes, the wing's place along the Earth axis.

## References

- [Glonass-K - MAKS2015part8-12](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glonass-K_-_MAKS2015part8-12.jpg), Vitaly V. Kuzmin (Wikimedia Commons) (CC BY-SA 4.0 (Vitaly V. Kuzmin; read 2026-10-14): share-alike, LOOKED AT ONLY, never fetched by the tool and not on any sheet)
- [Glonass K Navigation Spacecraft model at Cebit 2011 Satellite, general view from the right](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glonass_K_Navigation_Spacecraft_model_at_Cebit_2011_Satellite,_general_view_from_the_right.jpg), MKonair (Wikimedia Commons) (CC BY-SA 2.0 (MKonair; read 2026-10-14): share-alike, LOOKED AT ONLY, never fetched by the tool and not on any sheet)